博主胡德良：邢台学院外语系英语教授,中国译协专家会员,河北省译协常务理事,邢台市译协副会长。爱好翻译,内容涉及宇宙探秘、医疗卫生、家庭保健、生命科学、能源科学、地球科学、环境科学、散文小说和纪实文学等领域。所译文章曾见于《光明日报》《科技日报》《健康时报》《健康报》《英语世界》《英语知识》《科技英语学习》《科学之友》《科学与文化》《世界科学》《生命世界》等全国各大报刊。博客特色：英汉对照、图文并茂,融趣味性、科学性、知识性为一体。
捧一个热茶杯会使人变得更慷慨。
Warm Hands, Warm Hearts
By Sara Coelho 胡德良 译
| Holding a hot cup of coffee warms your hands on a cold day--but it may warm your heart as well. Two experiments, reported in the 24 October issue of Science, suggest that the physical feeling of warmth makes people judge others more favorably and act more generously. | 寒冷的天气中可以捧一杯热咖啡暖暖手。然而，这样做可能会使人的心肠也热起来。10月24日出版的《科学》杂志上报道的两个实验表明，身体上感觉温暖会使人们做出对他人更加有利的判断，而且会使人们的行为更加慷慨。 |
| The perception of warmth or coldness is often used in everyday life to describe abstract concepts. "Cold eyes" suggest a distant or selfish personality; a "warm smile" is synonymous with kindness. Psychologists have long thought that this kind of common wisdom may be based on actual physical experiences, and recently, a team from the University of Toronto in Canada discovered that icy stares and social exclusion literally feel cold. The two new experiments show that this can work the other way as well: Hot and cold sensations can influence one's feelings. | 在日常生活中，对温暖和寒冷的感觉通常用来描述抽象概念。“冷眼”表示冷漠或自私的性格；“温暖的微笑”跟亲切热情是同义语。长期以来心理学家们一直认为，这些体现出智慧的日常用语可能是以亲身体验为基础的。前不久，加拿大多伦多大学的一个研究小组发现，遭到冷眼凝视和受到社会排斥的感觉确实是寒冷的。这里的两个新实验表明，上述发现反过来也能行得通：冷热感觉可以影响一个人的情绪。 |
| For the first experiment, psychologist Lawrence Williams of the University of Colorado, Boulder, recruited 41 undergraduate students. When they walked into the laboratory, they were casually asked to hold a hot or cold cup of coffee for a moment. They were then given a brief fictional description of "Person A" and asked to rate 10 personality traits based on this summary. The students weren't aware that holding the cup was part of the experiment, but the "effect is quite meaningful and astonishing," says Williams. Those who held hot cups were more likely to assign positive traits, such as "generous," "caring," or "sociable" to Person A than those who held the cold cups. | 在第一个实验中，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的心理学家劳伦斯·威廉姆斯招募了41名在校大学生。当大学生们进入实验室的时候，随便让他们端起一杯热咖啡或一杯冷咖啡，呆上一会儿。接着，将 “某人甲”的情况向他们进行一个虚构的简要描述，然后要求他们根据这个简要描述为这个人的十项性格特征划分级别。威廉姆斯说，学生们不知道端杯子也是实验的一部分，但是结果却相当有意思，也很令人吃惊。跟端冷杯子的学生相比，那些端起热杯子的学生更有可能为“某人甲”选定积极的性格特征，如“慷慨”、“同情”或“友善”。 |
| The second experiment of the study was presented as a product evaluation study, in which 53 participants were asked to hold hot or cold therapeutic pads for a moment and then judge the quality of the product. At the end of the test, as a "reward" for their participation, they could choose either a reward for themselves or a voucher to give to a friend. Among those who handled a hot therapeutic pad, 54% chose the voucher for a friend, but only 25% of those who held the cold pad did. | 该研究的第二个实验是对某款产品的评估研究，把情况介绍给53名参与者。要求参与者用手拿一会儿热理疗垫或冷理疗垫，然后来判断产品的质量。试验结束时，对他们的参与实施了“奖赏”，他们可以为自己选择一件奖品，也可以选择一张优惠购物券送给朋友。在那些手拿热理疗垫的参与者当中，有54%为朋友选择了优惠购物券，而在手拿冷理疗垫的参与者中，只有25%为朋友选择了优惠购物券。 |
| The findings show that the perception of warmth and coldness has a clear effect on people's perceptions and social behaviors, Williams says. The effect could be used in marketing, he adds. For instance, when giving away free samples of new products, it might be more effective if they feel warm. | 威廉姆斯说，这些发现表明：冷热感觉对人们的领悟能力及社会行为有着明显的影响。他接着说，这种效应可以应用于市场营销。比如，当递上新产品的免费样品时，如果这些样品摸起来是温暖的，行销效果就会更好些。 |
| Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, a psychologist specializing in consumer behavior at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, agrees: "In a sense, warm objects could be used in the same way romantic, emotional, or uplifting music is used for positive mood induction." But he adds that not everybody may react favorably; consumer research needs to pay attention to personality types, he cautions. | 伦敦大学金史密斯学院的心理学家托马斯·查莫罗-普雷缪齐克专门研究消费者的行为，他表示同意：“从某种程度上说，利用温暖物品和利用浪漫的、富有感情的、或者催人奋进的音乐来调动人们的积极情绪，道理可能是一样的。”但是他还指出，并不是每个人都会作出有利的反应。他警告说，对消费者的研究应该注意到消费者的性格类型。 |
译自：美国《科学》杂志网站（23 October 2008）
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